In Cold Blood - Death Penalty Essays - Penology, Torture

In Cold Blood - Death Penalty Capital Punishment has been part of the criminal justice system since the earliest of times. The Babylonian Hammurabi Code(ca. 1700 B.C.) decreed death for crimes as minor as the fraudulent sale of beer(Flanders 3). Egyptians could be put to death for disclosing the location of sacred burial sites(Flanders 3). However, in recent times opponents have shown the death penalty to be racist, barbaric, and in violation with the United States Constitution as "...cruel and unusual punishment." In this country,although laws governing the application of the death penalty have undergone many changes since biblical times, the punishment endures , and controversy has never been greater.

Free Essays on States Of Consciousness

States of Consciousness We all go through different states of consciousness every day of our lives. These states include being wide awake (162), being asleep (165), and for some of us, even altered states of consciousness (176). There are also many states of consciousness in-between each of these. Being â€Å"awake† is when we are at our full state of awareness. This is the part of consciousness that we spend most of our time in. This is considered the highest state of consciousness because it is the one that we compare all of our other states to. During awake-time though, we may enter other stages of consciousness, such as daydreaming (162), divided consciousness (162-3), or the unconscious mind (163). During all of these stages we are still awake, but our brain is working on a less â€Å"aware† level. Daydreaming (162) is when we think, feel, or imagine something that is not necessarily logical or likely to happen. I personally catch myself daydreaming a lot during school or work. I find that when I do not want to focus on the topic at hand, I tend to let my brain take me somewhere else in a daydream. Psychologists have proved that daydreams are probably a distorted reflection of our emotions and concerns. Divided consciousness (162-3) happens quite often during awake-time. You may not realize that your brain is two places at once. This happens to me quite often during my commute to and from school. I often forget most of the drive because I have been concentrating on other thoughts, such as pageants, Christmas gifts, or my dog. This is quite common, although somewhat alarming, because in my case, I was driving at around 50 mph and I don’t even remember it! The unconscious mind (163) is actually a concept that many professional psychologists dismissed in the past. Now, however, the unconscious mind is playing an important role in the study of consciousness and science. The unconscious mind is when a pe... Free Essays on States Of Consciousness Free Essays on States Of Consciousness States of Consciousness We all go through different states of consciousness every day of our lives. These states include being wide awake (162), being asleep (165), and for some of us, even altered states of consciousness (176). There are also many states of consciousness in-between each of these. Being â€Å"awake† is when we are at our full state of awareness. This is the part of consciousness that we spend most of our time in. This is considered the highest state of consciousness because it is the one that we compare all of our other states to. During awake-time though, we may enter other stages of consciousness, such as daydreaming (162), divided consciousness (162-3), or the unconscious mind (163). During all of these stages we are still awake, but our brain is working on a less â€Å"aware† level. Daydreaming (162) is when we think, feel, or imagine something that is not necessarily logical or likely to happen. I personally catch myself daydreaming a lot during school or work. I find that when I do not want to focus on the topic at hand, I tend to let my brain take me somewhere else in a daydream. Psychologists have proved that daydreams are probably a distorted reflection of our emotions and concerns. Divided consciousness (162-3) happens quite often during awake-time. You may not realize that your brain is two places at once. This happens to me quite often during my commute to and from school. I often forget most of the drive because I have been concentrating on other thoughts, such as pageants, Christmas gifts, or my dog. This is quite common, although somewhat alarming, because in my case, I was driving at around 50 mph and I don’t even remember it! The unconscious mind (163) is actually a concept that many professional psychologists dismissed in the past. Now, however, the unconscious mind is playing an important role in the study of consciousness and science. The unconscious mind is when a pe...

Scapegoat, Scapegoating, and Scapegoat Theory

Scapegoat, Scapegoating, and Scapegoat Theory Scapegoating refers to a process by which a person or group is unfairly blamed for something that they didnt do and, as a result, the real source of the problem is either never seen or purposefully ignored. Sociologists have documented that scapegoating often occurs between groups when a society is plagued by long-term economic problems or when resources are scarce. Scapegoat theory is used in sociology and psychology as one way to intercept conflict and prejudice between individuals and groups. Origins of the Term The term scapegoat has Biblical origins, coming from the Book of Leviticus. In the book, a goat was sent into the desert carrying the sins of the community. So, a scapegoat was originally understood as a person or animal that symbolically absorbed the sins of others and carried them away from those who committed them. Scapegoats and Scapegoating in Sociology Sociologists recognize four different ways in which scapegoating takes place and scapegoats are created. Scapegoating can be a one-on-one phenomenon, in which one person blames another for something he/she or someone else did. This form of scapegoating is common among children, who blame a sibling or a friend for something they did, to avoid the shame of disappointing their parents and the punishment that might follow a misdeed.Scapegoating also occurs in a one-on-group manner, when one person blames a group for a problem they did not cause: wars, deaths, financial losses of one kind or another, and other personal struggles. This form of scapegoating may sometimes be unfairly blamed on racial, ethnic, religious, class, or anti-immigrant biases.Sometimes scapegoating takes a group-on-one form, when a group of people singles out and blames one person for a problem. For example, when the members of a sports team blame a player who made a mistake for the loss of a match, though other aspects of play also affected the outcome. Or, when someone who alleges an assault is then scapegoated by me mbers of the community for causing trouble or ruining the life of the attacker. Finally, and of most interest to sociologists, is the form of scapegoating that is group-on-group. This occurs when one group blames another for problems that the groups collectively experience, which might be economic or political in nature- like blaming a particular party for the Great Depression (1929-1939) or the Great Recession (2007-2009). This form of scapegoating often manifests across lines of race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin. The Scapegoat Theory of Intergroup Conflict Scapegoating of one group by another has been used throughout history, and still today, as a way to incorrectly explain why certain social, economic, or political problems exist and harm the group doing the scapegoating. Some sociologists say that their research shows that groups that scapegoat occupy a low socio-economic status in society and have little access to wealth and power. They say these people are often experiencing prolonged economic insecurity or poverty, and come to adopt shared outlooks and beliefs that have been documented to lead to prejudice and violence. Sociologists who embrace socialism as a political and economic theory argue that those in a low socioeconomic status are naturally inclined to scapegoat due to the unequal distribution of resources within the society. These sociologists place blame on capitalism as an economic model and exploitation of workers by a wealthy minority. However, these are not the viewpoints of all sociologists. As with any science involving theories, study, research, and conclusions- its not an exact science, and therefore there will be a variety of viewpoints.

Propaganda Maps

Propaganda Maps All maps are designed with a purpose; whether to aid in navigation, accompany a news article, or display data. Some maps, however, are designed to be particularly persuasive. Like other forms of propaganda, cartographic propaganda attempts to mobilize viewers for a purpose. Geopolitical maps are the most explicit examples of cartographic propaganda, and throughout history have been utilized to garner support for various causes. Propaganda Maps in Global Conflicts This map from the film depicts the Axis powers plan to conquer the world. In maps such as the aforementioned propaganda map, authors express specific feelings on a topic, creating maps that are meant not just to describe information, but also to interpret it. These maps are often not made with the same scientific or design procedures as other maps; labels, precise outlines of bodies of land and water, legends, and other formal map elements may be disregarded in favor of a map that speaks for itself. As the above image shows, these maps favor graphic symbols that are embedded with meaning. Propaganda maps gained momentum under Nazism and Fascism, as well. There are many examples of Nazi propaganda maps that were intended to glorify Germany, justify territorial expansion, and decrease support for the U.S., France, and Britain (see examples of Nazi propaganda maps at the German Propaganda Archive). During the Cold War, maps were produced in order to magnify the threat of the Soviet Union and communism. A recurrent trait in propaganda maps is the ability to portray certain regions as big and menacing, and other regions as small and threatened. Many Cold War maps enhanced the size of the Soviet Union, which magnified the threat of communisms influence. This occurred in a map titled Communist Contagion, which was published in a 1946 edition of Time Magazine. By coloring the Soviet Union in bright red, the map further enhanced the message that communism was spreading like a disease. Mapmakers utilized misleading map projections to their advantage in the Cold War as well. The Mercator Projection, which distorts land areas, exaggerated the size of the Soviet Union. (This map projection website shows different projections and their effect on the portrayal of the USSR and its allies). Propaganda Maps Today choropleth map maps The maps on this site show how political maps can mislead today. One map shows the results of the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election, with blue or red indicating if a state voted majority for the Democratic candidate, Barack Obama, or the Republican candidate, John McCain. From this map there appears to be more red then blue, indicating that the popular vote went Republican. However, the Democrats decidedly won the popular vote and the election, because the population sizes of the blue states are much higher than those of the red states. To correct for this data issue, Mark Newman at the University of Michigan created a Cartogram; a map that scales the state size to its population size. While not preserving the actual size of each state, the map shows a more accurate blue-red ratio, and better portrays the 2008 election results. Propaganda maps have been prevalent in the 20th century in global conflicts when one side wants to mobilize support for its cause. It is not only in conflicts that political bodies utilize persuasive mapmaking however; there are many other situations in which it benefits a country to portray another country or region in a particular light. For example, it has benefited colonial powers to use maps to legitimize territorial conquest and social/economic imperialism. Maps are also powerful tools to garner nationalism in ones own country by graphically portraying a countrys values and ideals. Ultimately, these examples tell us that maps are not neutral images; they can be dynamic and persuasive, used for political gain. References: Boria, E. (2008). Geopolitical Maps: A Sketch History of a Neglected Trend in Cartography. Geopolitics, 13(2), 278-308. Monmonier, Mark. (1991). How to Lie with Maps. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Water Quality; Wastewater Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Water Quality; Wastewater Management - Essay Example The wastewater having very high amount of dissolved BOD or COD would require either biological treatment processes, like activated sludge treatment, trickling filters upflow anaerobic sludge treatment, or chemical treatment units like coagulation techniques, filtration with ion exchange etc. These methods would not be adequate for complete elimination of the dissolved impurities. For example in the case of municipal wastewater, the secondary treatment would results in the reduction of organic part of the total contaminants dissolved in it. On the other hand, the pollutants like nitrates and phosphates or bacterial/microbiological contamination would not be totally removed using these methods. Hence, advanced treatment operations are additionally required for the removal of the aforementioned impurities (Malzer, 2002). The treatment processes employed in such situations are classified as the tertiary treatment. The techniques are usually nitrification and denitrification units which a re also biological methods undertaken with the help of bacterial mass. On the other hand, phosphates too need specialized treatment units for its removal. Further, if the objective is to eliminate the bacterial contamination, disinfection systems need to be provided appropriately as the tertiary unit operation. Thus the methods used under the secondary and tertiary treatment units are of multiple types and each having different purpose. Thus in a typical treatment system where the secondary operations are dependent on the activated sludge plants, the operations consist of a series of inter linked units having a settling basin where the sludge is separated from the treated water, following by sludge thickening, sludge drying and sludge disposal. The treated water from the settling tank marks the end of secondary treatment operations the water would still

Windows Server Deployment Proposal Rubric Paper Research - 1

Windows Server Deployment Rubric Paper - Research Proposal Example It is imperative to understand that successful deployment often starts with good planning, and it is often never too early to begin planning changes in the IT environment. Therefore, throughout the infrastructure, Windows Server 2012 will be used, the enterprise edition on the other hand will be leveraged on all the other serves, this is because of its capability of having 4 virtual licenses per Operating system. In order to increase reliability as well as the security the Server Core will be on all the servers. All servers as well as operating systems will be installed using image files that will be retrieved from a master computer through the Windows Deployment services (WDS) (Tulloch, 2012). The installation of the operating systems from the Windows Deployment services will help dramatically increase the time taken for installation. All the server roles will be distributed in an equal way and it will help take advantage of fault tolerance, availability, security as well as allocation. The foundation of these placing workstations as well as servers, this will help in the deploying of operating system image files which could be completed in a day wit h one or two with system administrators. In the deployment of the Windows server, a hybrid DHCP infrastructure will be used with different relay agents. This will help save on the expenditure as well as the administrators time. Further, there will be also the maintenance of the main as well as backup DHCP at the office as well as several relay agents at the branch office. This will undoubtedly free traffic from the WAN link that exists between them. In order to further prevent the excessive network traffic at each site, there is a need to implement an automatic allocation of IP addresses. There often exists a solid network layout that often has large subnets which allows each department to grow exponentially (Stanek, 2012). The fault tolerance that will be used for the

Interior Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interior Design - Research Paper Example Each facility will require its own design. Interior design is based on function, purpose and aesthetics. Each design has its own affect on different facilities. Interior Design is the ability to enhance the function, safety, and aesthetics of interior spaces (U.S. Department of Labor 2009). Interior design can add function to an area that would normally be not functional. This can be achieved by adding key elements which allow the space to serve a purpose. A purpose of a space is dependent on the spaces surroundings. Each room has its own needs. Adding functionality to a room is important in Interior Design. Interior Design allows for the ability to transform a space. An empty room in a commercial setting can be transformed into a waiting area with proper use of seating. A living room can also become functional with proper use of seating. Functionality is one of the major reasons a client may decide to choose an Interior Designer. The Interior Designer may be able to offer the client with a space that allows for more functionality then before. An Interior Designer will base ideas based on purpose. Using the appropriate elements allows for purpose. Purpose in Interior Design can be explained as allowing a room to have a purpose and a use. A good interior designer can allow for a space to serve more than one purpose. Serving more than one purpose can make a space more appealing. ... This type of design becomes an eclectic area to show off certain pieces in a way that they all flow together. According to Allen with All About Interior Design2011, It takes an eclectic eye to be able to show off many pieces and make them work with one another. This is true with many different design techniques. Not just anyone can put pieces together and make them work. Interior Design is important for many aesthetic reasons. An area needs to be aesthetically pleasing to the individual in the environment. An appealing environment is important in a design sense. Interior Designers typically design for residential or commercial settings. Many residential settings will require a pleasing and welcoming environment. An interior designer can gather information about the clients likes and create a space that is aesthetically pleasing. Use of objects and colors that are naturally appealing will help the space appeal to more individuals. Neutral tones and fabrics can allow for the use of dif ferent types of elements. In a commercial setting it is important for an Interior Designer to keep the focus on what the purpose is for the commercial setting. Many Interior Designers will need to create spaces that are pleasing to the eye so that businesses keep customers returning. Pleasing aesthetics can be achieved by bringing earthly elements into the space and keeping with a theme. It is important to achieve an attractive interior environment (Basics of interior design 2011). An attractive interior environment can allow for better usage of the area. It is likely that a space that is attractive will likely be used more than other spaces. The effects of interior design can be great on different facilities. Each facility will

Search Warrant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Search Warrant - Essay Example There are two types of warrants, arrest warrants and search warrants, although arrest warrants are rarely used or required. Although search warrants are often used, especially in cases where there is an extensive investigation, the Court has broadened the circumstances under which the police may conduct warrantless searches. This consideration is reflected in the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 41(c), which states, "It shall command the officer to search, within a specified period of time not to exceed 10 days" (Bloom, 2003, p. 91). In order to allow search warrants, judges or magistrates base their probable cause determination on sworn affidavits signed by police officers. This provides a written record if it is necessary to review the probable cause determination. A reviewing court will only review that information that was presented to the magistrate at the time the warrant was issued. Some jurisdictions, including the federal system, permit the issuance of a warrant on sworn oral communications, even if communicated by a telephone. In this situation, the judge will place the person applying for the warrant under oath and record the conversation when possible and if it is not possible to record the conversation then the judge will create a longhand verbatim record. According to the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 41(c) the recording or the longhand record must be filed with the court (Bloom, 2003, p. 91). Since the government has to respond to the burden in hearings on warrantless searches, the police of ficer's testimony serves as the beginning point for a trial court's consideration of the constitutionality of the police action (Larry, 1999). Although traditional search warrants are supported by probable cause, lower courts have supported the issuance of anticipatory warrants. At the time of issuance, these warrants are not supported by traditional probable cause that a particular item is at a particular place instead, they are issued on a showing that a particular item will be at a particular place. This situation usually exists when illegal imports is in transit and is about to be delivered to a particular place. The Court, however, has not dealt specifically with anticipatory warrants. In the following situations, a law enforcement officer does not require a search warrant to conduct a search: Situation One: A law enforcement officer when spot something in context with the plain view doctrine where he has a legal right to seize, does not require a search warrant to seize the object, evidence or contraband. However there are some criteria to be followed that includes 1) The place where an officer is conducting a search, must be legal and visible for him 2) In order to apply according to the plain view, the officer must not be using any advance technology and 3) Plain view search requires any discovery without a warrant is to be taken by chance. The plain view doctrine supports 'open fields doctrine' that states that any open pastures and areas related to it are eligible to be searched legally by an officer even without obtaining any search warrant. In the context of search warrant, the Fourth Amendment plays a

The Reasons Why Abortion Should Not Be Legalized Essay

The Reasons Why Abortion Should Not Be Legalized - Essay Example Some countries recognize abortion, while in others, it is deemed illegal. In any case, abortion is a controversial topic because it is regarded as a serious moral issue. As such, this argumentative paper seeks to critique an op-ed paper by Anton which is entitled, â€Å"Abortion Should Be Legal†. Antoni argues that the choice to have an abortion or not should be left to the women concerned. However, he also suggested that abortion should be illegal. The author of this paper’s stand is to make abortion illegal except for unusual circumstances which will be discussed in this paper. This paper will start by summarising the points made in this op-ed paper. The second part seeks to critique why abortion should not be legalised. A synthesis of the whole discussion will be carried out at the end of the paper in order to articulate the position taken by this writer. According to the Antoni’s op-ed article entitled â€Å"Abortion Should be Legal†, there are differe nt reasons why women should be given the opportunity to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Mandy Warton supports Antoni’s view of free choice to abort (6) and suggests that abortion should be seen as the last resort for women to gain control of their lives after horrific situations leading to their pregnancies. In some cases, pregnancy is a result of incest or rape. It is advocated that the woman should have a choice of terminating the pregnancy in such a situation. ... In some circumstances, pregnancy may be terminated if it endangers the life of the fetus or the mother, and the author shares this view. It may not be a noble idea to have a deformed child as he or she may not enjoy the life of a normal human being. In some instances, if the life of the mother is endangered as a result of the pregnancy, it can be terminated to avoid death. However, in most instances, pregnancies are not a result of accident or crime. Teen pregnancies in particular are very common in different societies. In America, it is estimated that more than one million teenagers get pregnant each year (Gutman 2). According to the information obtained from this website, Teen pregnancy rates in USA, the US has the highest number of teen pregnancies in the industrialized world. Whilst there are about 750,000 teen pregnancies reported annually, about eight out of ten of these pregnancies are not planned (http://www.livestrong.com/article/12504-teen-pregnancy-rates-usa/). It can ther efore be strongly argued that abortion is not a solution to unwanted pregnancies. The root cause of unwanted pregnancies should be addressed, which brings the author to the suggestion that abortion should not be legalized in these cases. It can also be seen that the trend of increased teen pregnancies is similar in many other countries where youths in particular get involved in sexual activities without properly considering the consequences. According to statistics given above, it is unimaginable that close to a million lives can be terminated through abortion as a result of reckless behavior by the teenagers. Carelessness is the main root cause of teen pregnancies given that some of them have misguided conceptions that

Business, a Practical Introduction Essay Example for Free

Business, a Practical Introduction Essay 1. Scarcity increases the demand for a product, and increases the price that consumers are willing to pay for it. Scarcity of an item allows a seller to raise prices, while a surplus of an item means prices will decrease. 2. Macroeconomists would be concerned with issues such as job growth and unemployment, growth in industrial production, and the consumer price index. 3. Under a socialist economic system, businesses and industries can be state-owned or privately owned, depending on the country. 4. A downside to capitalism is the issue of income inequality. There is a considerable difference between the highest and lowest incomes, as indicated by the 2010 income information reported in the textbook for this course. Median pay for a chief executive of a company whose stock was listed on Standard and Poor’s index was $9 million. Median pay for private sector workers was $40,500. 5. The model of perfect competition was created by Adam Smith. According to Smith, in perfect competition, the market has many small sellers who sell interchangeable products to many informed buyers, and no seller is large enough to dictate the price of the product. 6. The term consumer sovereignty is the idea that consumers influence the marketplace through the decisions of which products they choose to buy or not to buy. 7. The business cycle runs through a pattern of expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Expansion, when economic activity speeds up, is triggered by a rise in investment spending, government spending, or exports. 8. Deflation is defined as a general decline in the prices of most goods and services. 9. An economic bubble is a situation in which prices for securities, especially stocks, rise far above their actual value. 10. TARP is the Troubled Assets Relief Program, signed into law in October 2008. This $700 billion program was created to purchase bank assets in order to strengthen the financial sector. This was outgoing President Bush’s last â€Å"screw you† to the people of America. It might have worked to stabilize the banks if the amount was double, and if it offered relief to businesses as well.

Comparison Of Bureaucratic And Non Bureaucratic Organisations Commerce Essay

Comparison Of Bureaucratic And Non Bureaucratic Organisations Commerce Essay The Style of bureaucratic organization has totally different structure as compare to the non bureaucratic organizations. The bureaucratic style is preferred due to its technical style of administration but for the new and small and medium size organizations no bureaucratic style is most popular. Here are comparisons between these two: Suitability: Bureaucratic style is more suitable for large organization but for new small and medium size organization the non bureaucratic style is more suitable Utilization of Human resources : In the non bureaucratic the human resources are more effectively and efficiently used by the organization as compare to the other style. Creativity and Innovation: As the non bureaucratic organizations is more flexible environment so the more chances o creativity and innovation is in non bureaucratic as compare to bureaucratic organizations. (Stamm V B: 2008), Operational control: In the bureaucratic organizations the control command for operations are distributed while in non bureaucratic there is a centralised command of control for the operations of the organization. Time Saving: In bureaucratic organizations there is very long chain of command and when the order is given by the higher authority from top to down level it takes more time to communicate while in the non bureaucratic direct orders are given from the higher authority to the subordinates in order to get the spontaneous response. It takes less time and more time to work is devoted. Motivational level: The level of motivation is very high in non bureaucratic style because the direct orders are given from the top level and more rewards and appreciation is given by higher level to the subordinates directly while in bureaucratic style the top level has rarely communicate directly to the subordinates. (Sapru R.K: 2006) Structure: Non bureaucratic structure is more volatile as compare to the bureaucratic structure. Communication and policies and procedures: In bureaucratic there is poor level of communication while in non bureaucratic the level of communication and passing information from top to down is much quicker and faster. However, In bureaucratic style there are written documents of policies and procedures and if any problem comes they can resolve it by using that policies and procedures while it is absent in non bureaucratic organization. As in bureaucratic organizations there are more policies and procedures which are followed by the employees and they feel no freedom and less motivated environment as compare to on bureaucratic organizations where people are more motivated and more efficient to make the organization more successful. Preferred Organization: As discuss earlier that the non bureaucratic organization style is more suitable for small and medium sized organization while for higher or big organizations the bureaucratic style is more suitable. While I have seen that in non bureaucratic style the flexibility of work, communication from top to down and motivational level of the employees are high so they chase easily chase the goal of the organization. However every organization has its own style and structure and it is not easy to decide for a particular organization that which structure is best for them. After critical analysis I will choose non bureaucratic style because the motivational factor involved in it is the main point for my organization and as motivation brings innovation and creativity in the organization. As in 1995 Herzberg says During work the different factors which motivate people and different from those which create dissatisfaction **The factors which are usually involved in doing the job related to job satisfier while the factors which define the job context usually relates the job dissatisfies.** Advantages and Disadvantages: Every organization has its own style and every style has its own advantages and disadvantages. So these are as follows: Advantages of Non-Bureaucratic Organization: Non bureaucratic organization style is more flexible and easy to adopt the changes in any organization. As the authority has direct communication to the subordinates so the fast communication makes the response quicker and efficient. There is no long chain of command which saves the time and efficient use of human resources at its potential. Employees are more motivated by rewards and appreciation by the higher authorities directly which bring the innovation and creativity in any organization as the decision and working environmental are more flexible so more quicker to adopt the global changes which keeps the employees more responsive and responsible to chase the organizational objectives. As there is no long hierarchy so any employee can be given work without any time limit and position burden. So the employees can take their own initiatives and make decision in order to complete the task without waiting the higher authority permission. Disadvantages of non-Bureaucratic Organization: The main disadvantage is that the structure is very informal there are not any hard and fast rules, policies and procedures in the written form. There is lack of standardisation so the problems arise in the organization on the same issues cannot be solved so the workforce are involved to put their input to solve the problem. As the centralisation of command of control make the employees to depend only on the top authority or single person to fulfil the operations or tasks of the organization. However every new small and medium organization will look forward to be expanding in the future so this non-bureaucratic style should be changed into the bureaucratic style in order to handle the tasks and operations of the organization in more effective and efficient way. Due to the absence of proper procedures and policies in the written form sometimes its very hard for the organization to fulfil the requirements. Conclusion: According to me the non bureaucratic style has some edge over the traditional bureaucratic style as it is more flexible and easy to adopt changes in this modern style of era. Although every organization has aits own structure according to its requirements and size. Although the non bureaucratic has some disadvantages like lack of standardisation and absence of written policies and procedures but still it is suitable for the small and medium size organizations. However while choosing the style of an organization its all depend on the nature and size and the main operations which is carried out by the organization. At the end every non bureaucratic is turn into bureaucratic as it grows and capture more market shares. So in the start of any new business the non bureaucratic style is adopted while it expand than there should be written rules, policies and procedures which should be followed by the employees in order to solve the problems and to attain the major objectives and goals of any organization. This is a world of changes and future is uncertain so there should be some sort of innovation and creativity in the organization and its workforce should be satisfied with their work level and responsibilities. Thus the main purpose is to purse the organizations objectives and goals whether it is bureaucratic or non bureaucratic in style because both have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Harriet Tubman :: Slavery History Biography Essays

Harriet Tubman Harriet Ross Tubman was an African American who escaped slavery and then showed runaway slaves the way to freedom in the North for longer than a decade before the American Civil War. During the war she was as a scout, spy, and nurse for the United States Army. After that she kept working for rights for blacks and women. Harriet Tubman was originally named Araminta Ross. She was one of 11 children born to Harriet Greene and Benjamin Ross on a plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland. She later took her mother's first name. Harriet was working at the age of five. She was a maid and a children's nurse before she worked in the field when she was 12. A year later, a white guy either her watcher or her master smacked her on the head with a really heavy weight. The hit was so hard it left her with permanent neurological damage. In result of the hit she had sudden blackouts during the rest of her life. In 1844 she got permission from her master to marry John Tubman, a free black man. For the next five years Harriet Tubman was a semi-slave. She was still legally a slave, but her master let her live with her husband. In 1847 her master died. Followed by the death of his recipient and young son in 1849. That made Harriet’s status uncertain. In the middle of rumors that the family's slaves were being sold to clear the estate, Harriet Tubman went to the North and freedom. Her husband stayed in Maryland. In 1849 Harriet Tubman moved to Pennsylvania. She returned to Maryland two years later hoping to get her husband to come to The North with her. John Tubman had remarried by then. Harriet did not marry again until after John Tubman died. In Pennsylvania, Harriet Tubman became an abolitionist. She worked to end slavery. She decided to become a conductor on the Underground Railroad (a network of antislavery activists who helped slaves escape from the South). On her first trip in 1850, Harriet Tubman brought her sister and her sister's two children out of slavery in Maryland. In 1851 she rescued her brother, and in 1857 Harriet Tubman returned to Maryland and brought her parents to freedom. Over a time period of ten years Harriet Tubman made an estimated 19 trips into the South and brought about 300 slaves to the North.

Freedom Riders Essay -- essays research papers

The Freedom Riders were a group of college students and leaders of various racial equality organizations, both blacks and whites, which tested the law of integration for public transportation. The law was instated, but Alabama especially didn’t follow it. The Freedom Riders rode buses into the cities to see if the townspeople accepted or declined the new law. They in turn ended up beating, pummeling, and chasing the riders out of town with the white mobs. The Freedom Riders violently fought the segregation of blacks and whites for public transportation systems, and their victory led to the integration of many other places and the making of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Freedom Riders started their trip from Washington D.C. on May 4th, 1961 and were to end their trip in New Orleans, Louisiana (Cozzens 1). They started off with thirteen original riders, seven of them being Negroes (Winkler 1). One member named James Peck was a CORE member and there from the very beginning. He was there in 1947 participating in the Journey of Reconciliation also (Powledge 254). While the riders were in Anniston, Alabama on their way to Birmingham, a white mob, including members of the Ku Klux Klan, stopped the bus and wouldn’t let the riders off (Powledge 255). The mob slashed the tires, but the bus got away until about six miles down the road. The mob caught up to the bus and surrounded it until Ell Cowling, a police officer, pulled out his gun and badge and the Klansman backed away. Someone from the mob had thrown a flaming device into a bus window and the bus went up in flames (Garrow 2). Two highway patrolmen fired their guns to scare the crowd and mak e them leave so the passengers could safely get off the bus. Only twelve riders were taken... ...Civil Rights Act of 1964 was created. This act made racial discrimination in public places illegal, required employers to provide equal employment opportunities, and allowed projects involving federal funding to be cut of if there was evidence of discrimination. The Freedom Riders pulled through in the end after all the violence and injury that they were faced with. Their goal was to test the law of integration for public transportation systems and they succeeded. Many other good things came from their victory. Their will power and determination to follow through with the demonstration helped make the United States of America what it is today. Without the Freedom Rides, it may have been a lot longer before the government passed the law for integration. Also, the Deep South may have still been highly segregated today if it had not been for the rides in the 1960’s.

Delegation and Decentralization

Delegation of Authority Delegation is the process by which authority passes from one organizational level to another. But for delegation of authority, organizations would remain forever small. Delegation is the only solution to cope with the increasing work load of managers as the organization grows. Because of the-constraints of time and ability, a manager cannot perform all the tasks himself. Therefore, he delegates certain of the tasks to the subordinate and gets, them done. The process of delegation has the following steps: a) Entrustment of duties or assignment of responsibilities b) Granting of authority: ) Creation of accountability: Entrustment of duties or Assignment of responsibilities This is a crucial step in that a few important questions like what to delegate? when to delegate? whom to delegate? and how to delegate are answered. The effectiveness of delegation depends on how clearly these questions are answered. First of all, the manager has to decide the tasks to be de legated to the subordinates. For this, he must be able to distinguish between the routine and non-routine tasks, Routine and single tasks can as well be performed by the subordinates while the non-routine and very important tasks must be performed by himself.Granting of authority: When the subordinates are assigned certain tasks or responsibilities. it goes without saying that they need authority also to perform the tasks. Authority is required by them to make use of the resources of the organization in the execution of the tasks. The superior therefore, parts with his authority to enable the subordinate to perform. Responsibility and authority both go together. One of the Important principle of organizing – parity of authority and responsibility emphasizes the need for a proper balance between the two. Creation of accountability:Delegation does not end with just entrusting of duties and the granting of authority. The superior has to create an obligation on the part of the su bordinate to perform. In other words, the subordinate is accountable to his superior for the tasks delegated. Thus, while authority flows downwards, responsibility flows upwards. Normally, accountability is created by asking the subordinate to submit performance reports / status reports from time to time. ? Decentralization of Authority The term ‘decentralization' should not be confused with that of delegation.Although the two are closely related decentralization is much more wider in scope reflecting management's philosophy regarding which decisions to be taken at the top as well as down the line in the organization. While in delegation authority is transferred on one-to-one basis from the superior to the subordinate. Decentralization of authority is broader in scope and involves the transfer of authority in the organizational context from top to the lower rungs of management In the hierarchy. Thus the greater the amount of authority delegated throughout the organization.The more decentralized the organization is it must also be understood that both absolute centralization and absolute decentralization are undesirable for the former refers to an autocratic structure while the latter results in a chaotic situation. For this reason, decentralization must be viewed as a relative concept. not as an absolute one. Ernest Dale a well-known management writer has described the following conditions where decentralization is greater: †¢The greater the number of decisions made lower down the management hierarchy. The more important the decisions made lower down the management hierarchy. For example, the greater the sum of capital' expenditure that can be approved by the plant manager without consulting anyone' else, the greater the degree of decentralization in this field. †¢The more functions affected by decisions made at lower levels.Thus, companies which permit only operational decisions to be made at branch/plant levels are less decentralized than tho se which permit financial and personnel decisions at branch / plant level. The less checking required on the decision. Decentralization is greatest when no check at all must be made; less when superiors have to be informed decision after it has been made, still less if superiors have to be consulted before the decision is made. The fewer people to be, consulted, and the lower they are on the management hierarchy, the greater the degree of decentralization. The advantages of decentralization are similar to the advantages of delegation. Unburdening of top managers, . mproved decision making, because decisions are made closer to the scene of action, better training, morale and initiative at lower levels, and more flexibility and faster decision making are some of the advantages of decentralization. These advantages are widely acclaimed so much so that decentralization is often regarded as good and centralization as ‘bad' But total decentralization, as mentioned earlier with no co ordination from the top would be undesirable. That is why, the question before manager is not whether an organization should be decentralized, but to what extent it should be decentralized.On the whole, the appropriate amount of decentralization for an organization will vary with tine and circumstances. It will also vary for the different units of the organization. For example, production and sales departments, in general, have gained a high degree of decentralization in many organizations, whereas financial departments have tended to remain relatively centralized. Barriers to effective delegation Though delegation is a powerful device whereby managers reduce their workload, unless adequate care is exercised the result may be considerable anxiety for both superiors and subordinates.Delegation requires effective communication. The subordinates while accepting delegation must understand exactly what the superior wants. Delegation also involves motivation, influence and leadership. To make delegation effective, the spirit and willingness of both the parties are crucial. Following are some of the reasons why delegation often fails in organizations, to which both superiors and subordinates are responsible. Superior’s resistance to delegation i)The â€Å"I can do it better myself fallacy†: Some managers always suffer from a feeling that they only can do the job better.Consequently two things happen. First, spending time on a task a subordinate could perform means the manager may not be able to perform other important duties like policy formulation ‘and supervision. Second, unless the manager allows subordinates attempt new tasks, they will be unable to develop their skills. Thus by insisting on doing things themselves managers often fail to meet their responsibility for training and growing subordinates for promotion to higher levels. ii)Lack of ability to direct: Some managers become so involved in day-to-day operations that they neglect the bro ader picture.Unable to understand the long term perspective of the work flow, they do not fully realize the importance of distributing work among subordinates. Some managers deliberately do this because of lack of confidence in their supervisory abilities. iii)Lack of confidence in subordinates: Lack of trust and confidence on subordinates abilities and skills make the superiors reluctant to delegate. As a result, subordinates lose initiative and frequently seek the guidance of the bosses to know whether they are doing the things correctly.? iv)Aversion to risk:Since the superior can not absolve himself of the final performance of the task, he may fear that delegating the job will cause problems. Further those superiors who see a threat in the subordinates always try to avoid delegation. This is mostly due to the mind set where the superior fears that he may be outsmarted by the subordinate and eventually the latter may become a potential threat to his position. v)Absence of selecti ve controls: When certain duties are delegated to subordinates the superior has to ensure proper controls in the form of feedback about performance.It gives the superior the security of knowing the problem before much damage takes place. If controls are not adequate and effective, manager has good reason to avoid authority delegation. Subordinates resistance to delegation It should not be construed from the above discussion that superiors are only responsible for poor or ineffective delegation. The subordinates role in the whole exercise cannot be lost sight of. Their attitude and skills play a significant role. Sometimes subordinates may avoid responsibility and block the delegation process for the following reasons: The subordinate finds it easier to ask the boss what to do rather than taking the initiative himself. †¢The subordinate fears criticism for mistakes. Since greater responsibilities increase the chances of making an error. The subordinates for the sake of security try to avoid additional responsibilities. †¢The subordinate lacks the information and resources needed to do . the job successfully. Some managers with a view to let down their subordinates may deliberately make the delegation unclear. As a result the subordinate lands himself in confusion as to the exact nature of the duties and the authority that he can exercise.The motive of the superior in such cases may be to make the subordinate fail in the execution. †¢The subordinate believes he or she has more work than he or she can do. For fear of over burdening himself he may not show any interest to accept new responsibilities. †¢The subordinates lack self-confidence. Added to that the fear that they will get into trouble in the event of failure puts them in a still worse situation. †¢The subordinate is not offered any Incentives or benefits in terms of pay rises, importance and status for assuming additional responsibilities.

Akshaya Patra

Meal Programs in India Although 50 percent of Indian's children were malnourished, the provision of midday meals was sporadic and in many places non-existent. Responding to pressure from the Indian people, the Supreme Court of India passed an order on November 28, 20014, which mandated: â€Å"Cooked midday meal is to be revived in all the government and government-aided primary schools in all the states†.Inconsistent food quality, occasional food poisoning, poor hygiene, and operational concerns were among the complications to the provision of government-sponsored midday meals. The meals were prepared by teachers, who cooked the same meal every day. Today, through the partnership with the Government of India and various State Governments, as well as philanthropic donors; the organization runs the mid-day meal programmer. Built on a public-private partnership, Sashay Patria combines good management, innovative technology and smart engineering to deliver a atrocious and hygienic school lunch.Financial Sashay Patria, believe in absolute transparency in all our activities. Transparency, especially for an MONGO, is the key to trust and reliability. Sashay Patria upholds absolute transparency in all its activities. They have also apply the latest principles of fair value accounting and recognize all in kind donations. Organization's best practices have always resulted in keeping the operational expenditure to a fraction of revenues earned. This has resulted to optimize the administration and fundraising costs.

Understand Child and Young Peoples Development

3. 1/3. 1 Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods: Monitoring children and young people’s development using different methods such as an observation, where I would watch the child closely in different contexts depending on which area I was observing e. g. social development I would observe outside in the play area or in group activity. I would write up notes of what the child is doing, how they are interacting with others, their capability within the pre-school and then from this I would be able to tell their ability within the age range and if help was needed I would then put in a referral or organise a development plan. Communicating with the parent/career is also a great way of learning about the child as they may do things at home which they may not be confident in doing in the pre-school. All records and feedback found/used would be shared with the parent/career about the findings if any. Always remembering, to take into account their culture/EAL, and any issues with these. 3. 1/3. 2 Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern: There are many reasons that a child/person may not follow their expected development pattern – Emotional/social: They may not have the confidence, may prefer their own company which means their personal space is very important to them. Who and where they are socialising. Physical/mental abuse: If a child witnesses or experiences this, it could affect their how they value/control their own emotional feelings. Culture: There are many things they can and can’t do due to culture beliefs, poverty, not enough money, poor health, lack of resources or facilities or just lack of UTW. Disability: If they are unable to use certain parts of their body. Not having the facilities/resources available to them. Environment: If they do not associate or live around in a multi culture area they might not understand their environmental needs. 3. 1/3. 3 Explain how disability may affect development: If a child has a physical development they may not develop in their gross motor skills as quick as others. They may have a lack in motivation in participating which will impact on their development as they will not pay attention. If they do not have the correct resources/equipment then they will not develop as they will not have the help which may be required. They may be subject to discrimination or prejudice for this they may be treated different from the other children. They may not have the ability to learn, communicate or understand. There are many different types of learning disabilities from small to large problems that may affect their whole life.

OBSERVATION OF TV VIOLENCE essays

OBSERVATION OF TV VIOLENCE essays In my experiment I will study the behavior of children before, during and after viewing a violent television program, specifically The Power Rangers. I will use the theories of Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead and Harold Wilensky to analyze the results according to their theories. Cooleys theory is that people shape the aspects of their identity so that it would fit what others would want. Therefore we would become the kind of person we believe others think we should be. Harold Wilensky said that the media produces a mass culture, in which people have similar culture, that people have similar cultural tastes and political values shaped by the media. This produces a mass of people with similar thoughts and feelings, which can be manipulated by the media. Mead believed that the self is a social product, acquired by observing and assimilating the identities of others. He believed that for identification and assimilation there is a need for communication. The communication is the interaction of language, culture, family, peers and with a new form of communication, media. For Mead, childhood play and games were important activities. These activities used the idea of role taking, the way we try to look at social situations from the standpoint of another person, and significant others, influential people in our lives. The theorist that I think is the best for my experiment is Mead. For my experiment my hypothesis will be that after viewing a violent television program children will act more aggressive than before. That the childrens play will change so that it would become more violent, so that it would be similar to the show that they had seen. In my experiment I observed two children 30 minutes before watching the Power Rangers 30 minutes during the show and 30 minutes after the show. The observation was done on the friends of my brother and the friends of my cousin...

What is the importance of oral argument in judicial decis essays

What is the importance of oral argument in judicial decis essays Oral argument in appellate courts has become more and more unusual. In a few courts, oral argument is only heard when requested or when ordered by the court. (Mosk, 2) The time allowed for oral argument has dropped sufficiently as well. In one case from the 1800s, Dartmouth College vs. Woodward, Daniel Webster argued for three days. (www.landmarkcases.org) In 1970, The Supreme Court changed the rules from allowing one hour of oral argument from each side to only allotting thirty minutes. (www.landmarkcases.org) Oral argument has become shorter and less common but does that mean that it lacks importance? It is argued that judges make up their minds after reading the briefings and that oral argument is not needed for a decision to be reached. (Bach, 11/30/2004) In the 1980s, Judge Myron H. Bright, United States Court of Appeals Eighth Circuit, tracked the amount of cases where himself and two of his colleagues changed their ruling based on oral argument. The judges would read the briefings and declare a provisional conclusion. Then after hearing the oral arguments, the judges noted whether the final conclusion was consistent with the provisional conclusion. The end results were that Bright changed his opinion thirty-one percent of the time, while his two colleagues changed theirs seventeen percent and thirteen percent of the time. (Bright, 17) Supreme Court Justice Scalia stated that oral argument is more than a time for the lawyer to speak their point but it is a time for Justices to exchange information among themselves. You hear the questions of others and see how their minds are working, and that stimulates your own thinking. I use it to give counsel his or her best shot at meeting my difficulty with that side of the case. (www.weta/pastproductions.org). Justice John M. Harlan wrote oral argument gives an opportunity for interchange between court and counsel which briefs do not give. For my pa...

Free Essays on Managing People With Aids

Managing People with AIDS Today, AIDS is the second leading cause of death among adults between the ages of 25 and 44. With more than half of the nation’s 126 million workers in this age group, managers cannot afford to ignore this deadly disease. As more effective drug therapies, such as protease inhibitors, are extending the lives of HIV positive people, an increased number are able to return to the workforce and stay productive. One in six large companies has had an employee with HIV/AIDS and one in 15 companies with 15 to 49 employees has had at least one worker with HIV/AIDS (according to the CDC in Atlanta). The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2000, there will be 15 million new adult HIV infections, with six million people exhibiting symptoms of the disease. Since 25 % of new cases are in between the ages of 13 to 20 years old, this means that the teenagers of today who are HIV positive are the workers who will develop AIDS in 10 years. In order to be successful into the futu re, companies need to address HIV-infected workers and workers with AIDS. However, HIV and AIDS pose special challenges to employers. HOW AIDS IS TRANSMITTED HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. While AIDS itself does not kill a person, the disease weakens the person’s immune system, allowing other diseases like Kaposi’s sarcoma invade the body. These opportunistic diseases eventually overwhelm the person’s body. The virus is found in blood and other body products like saliva, sweat, and tears, and can only be transmitted by the exchange of blood, body products, or by sexual contact. Once the HIV virus is exposed to air, it dies instantaneously. This means that someone cannot spread the virus through breathing the same air, or by casual contact such as shaking hands. A person can be infected if he/she has an open wound that comes into contact wit... Free Essays on Managing People With Aids Free Essays on Managing People With Aids Managing People with AIDS Today, AIDS is the second leading cause of death among adults between the ages of 25 and 44. With more than half of the nation’s 126 million workers in this age group, managers cannot afford to ignore this deadly disease. As more effective drug therapies, such as protease inhibitors, are extending the lives of HIV positive people, an increased number are able to return to the workforce and stay productive. One in six large companies has had an employee with HIV/AIDS and one in 15 companies with 15 to 49 employees has had at least one worker with HIV/AIDS (according to the CDC in Atlanta). The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2000, there will be 15 million new adult HIV infections, with six million people exhibiting symptoms of the disease. Since 25 % of new cases are in between the ages of 13 to 20 years old, this means that the teenagers of today who are HIV positive are the workers who will develop AIDS in 10 years. In order to be successful into the futu re, companies need to address HIV-infected workers and workers with AIDS. However, HIV and AIDS pose special challenges to employers. HOW AIDS IS TRANSMITTED HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. While AIDS itself does not kill a person, the disease weakens the person’s immune system, allowing other diseases like Kaposi’s sarcoma invade the body. These opportunistic diseases eventually overwhelm the person’s body. The virus is found in blood and other body products like saliva, sweat, and tears, and can only be transmitted by the exchange of blood, body products, or by sexual contact. Once the HIV virus is exposed to air, it dies instantaneously. This means that someone cannot spread the virus through breathing the same air, or by casual contact such as shaking hands. A person can be infected if he/she has an open wound that comes into contact wit... Free Essays on Managing People With Aids Managing People with AIDS Today, AIDS is the second leading cause of death among adults between the ages of 25 and 44. With more than half of the nation’s 126 million workers in this age group, managers cannot afford to ignore this deadly disease. As more effective drug therapies, such as protease inhibitors, are extending the lives of HIV positive people, an increased number are able to return to the workforce and stay productive. One in six large companies has had an employee with HIV/AIDS and one in 15 companies with 15 to 49 employees has had at least one worker with HIV/AIDS (according to the CDC in Atlanta). The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2000, there will be 15 million new adult HIV infections, with six million people exhibiting symptoms of the disease. Since 25 % of new cases are in between the ages of 13 to 20 years old, this means that the teenagers of today who are HIV positive are the workers who will develop AIDS in 10 years. In order to be successful into the futu re, companies need to address HIV-infected workers and workers with AIDS. However, HIV and AIDS pose special challenges to employers. HOW AIDS IS TRANSMITTED HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the retrovirus that causes AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. While AIDS itself does not kill a person, the disease weakens the person’s immune system, allowing other diseases like Kaposi’s sarcoma invade the body. These opportunistic diseases eventually overwhelm the person’s body. The virus is found in blood and other body products like saliva, sweat, and tears, and can only be transmitted by the exchange of blood, body products, or by sexual contact. Once the HIV virus is exposed to air, it dies instantaneously. This means that someone cannot spread the virus through breathing the same air, or by casual contact such as shaking hands. A person can be infected if he/she has an open wound that comes into contact wit...

Heterogeneous Definition (Science)

Heterogeneous Definition (Science) The word heterogeneous is an adjective that means composed of different constituents or dissimilar components. In chemistry, the word is most often applied to a heterogeneous mixture. This is one which has a non-uniform composition. A mixture of sand and water is heterogeneous. Concrete is heterogeneous. In contrast, a homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition. An example is a mixture of sugar dissolved in water. Whether a mixture is heterogeneous or homogeneous is largely dependent on the scale or sample size. For example, if you look at a container of sand, it may appear to have evenly distributed particles (be homogeneous). If you viewed the sand under a microscope, you might find unevenly distributed clumps of different materials (heterogeneous). In materials science, specimens may consist entirely of the same metal, element, or alloy, yet display heterogeneous phases or crystal structure. For example, a piece of iron, while homogeneous in composition, might have regions of martensite and others of ferrite. A sample of the element phosphorus might contain both white and red phosphorus. In the broader sense, any group of dissimilar objects may be described as being heterogeneous. A group of people might be heterogeneous with respect to age, weight, height, etc.

Creditor's right and bankruptcy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creditor's right and bankruptcy - Term Paper Example But creditors have certain rights in bankruptcy claims. This paper briefly analyses creditor’s claims in bankruptcy cases. Business is not the right profession for all the people. Many people failed to prosper in business because of their inability in managing the business successfully. In some cases, unexpected business climate changes can destroy the backbone of the business people. For example, the recent financial crisis came quiet unexpectedly and even prominent business groups struggled for the survival. In short, business can be a risky act at times because of so many reasons and the entrepreneurs may fall in a state of bankruptcy. Bankruptcy is the legally declared inability of an individual or organization to pay its creditors. The outstanding debts might be too much for the person or the organization to pay at once and the court or judge will determine the payment schedule based on the type of bankruptcy filed by the entrepreneur or the organization. When a business enters the bankruptcy state, it means either the business is closed or the the business will continue to operate with reduced payments to debtors. This paper briefly analyses the creditor’s right and bankruptcy in a legal environment. Creditor is a party (a person or organization) which provided certain money, property or services to another similar party (Debtor). In other words, a debtor is a borrower from the creditor. Debtors normally file bankruptcy suits in order to prevent the creditors from collecting the debts immediately. A bankruptcy suit prevents a creditor from taking any action against the debtor till the court take any decisions on the case. However, creditors have certain rights even after the debtor files the bankruptcy case as the debtor might have signed some legal contracts with the creditor before the actual deal was taken place. Some debtors file bankruptcy cases even

Envy at Work - Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Envy at Work - Summary - Essay Example People naturally yearn to be greater than their peers or other people around them. Therefore, such people will tend to develop feelings of envy because they feel inferior to the ones who manifest slightly higher levels of advantage those others. The article captures the differences in the acknowledgment of various issues that occur when individuals attempt gain power and importance over others. The article shows that feelings of envy thrive when people use others as the measure of their success. According to the author, the aspect of success is relative and requires the determination of the differences between a person and the one to whom the comparison is made. The comparison between Marty and Scott illustrates the manner in which fortunes change for people in accordance with the situations, opportunities, and environmental dynamics that affect the process. A more skilled person may miss matters of promotion and personal advancement because of lack of certain qualities that are necessary to connect the people towards certain objectives and opportunities as determined within the range of issues that relate to the subject of envy. The article engages into some of the negative outcomes of envy, which includes lack of concentration of professional motivation. Envy, according to the article and saps the energy and talents of an individual in ways that make it difficult for the persons involves to connect effectively with the processes. In this regard, some of the issues that attend to the determination of the risks and progress at the work place relate to the differences in perceptions between individuals. A person who demonstrates some element of envy will often tend to develop certain attitudes that recognize the difference in achievements and the variations that may occur in the fortunes of individuals. The article illustrates the fact that different people may lack the opportunities and adopt

Consumer behavior. iPhone 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer behavior. iPhone 6 - Essay Example Factors influencing Consumer behaviour. Situational Factors These influences result from the location, time and circumstances that surround a consumer. The main contributors of this factor include the emotions, urgency and social situation. All the determinants can influence the decision of buyers at all stages of the purchasing process. The emotions or feelings may include the moods and conditions of a person at particular moments. For example, illness, fatigue or having cash can make the consumer to buy a product. The recent purchase could be because I had money and good moods that made me buy the iPhone 6. The time factor can influence the decision of consumers in buying commodities. For example, the recent purchase occurred due to the urgent need of a phone for reading school notes while at home. People opt to skip the stages of the buying process due to their immediate needs for particular products. The social surroundings also influence consumer behaviour (Pride and Ferrell 212). For example, the decision to buy the iPhone 6, last month was influenced by my friends who accompanied me to the shopping mall. Psychological Factors These factors are related to the general consumers’ behaviours. They are internal, but, are influenced by external forces. The motives, perceptions and the attitudes of people influence their decision in buying goods. Motives can be described as the internal forces, which direct a person towards buying a product or achieving certain goals. Some motives are stronger than others.

Environment Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Environment Pollution - Essay Example The Environment Protection Agency promotes the construction of green buildings through which we can understand that this stream of engineering offers a great advantage to environment. A research paper on Capacity planning for waste management systems tells us about the application of engineering concepts to solid waste management. By studying different research papers we can understand the application of engineering principles to these areas of responsibilities in order to regulate them and make the environment pollution free. In recent times the climate has undergone drastic changes. Every time we mishandle the natural resources or create imbalance without thinking about tomorrow and use them without a proper protocol or procedure we modify the most important natural phenomena by affecting the climate. Each and every non environmental friendly procedure or product has a direct or indirect impact on the climate which results in drastic changes in timing of seasons. Of these the rocketing emissions of green house gases are considered to be the main culprit. The green house gases in the earth's atmosphere capture the heat increase in green house gases cause to rise in earth's temperature which ultimately results in rise in sea level and change in weather patterns. Welsh Assembly Government has taken numerous steps in order to stabilize the emissions of green house gases and work together with the UK government to develop various proposals to the climate change bill. WAG responds to the internal changes and proposes long term plans to solve the problem. It aims to cut down carbon dioxide emissions to 60% by 2050, maintain reliable energy supplies, to promote competitive market and to ensure that each and every home is adequately heated. It has also been proven that the measures that were set for climate change program in 2006 have been successfully implemented by the UK government. A study on all the potential impacts of climate change on different sectors in Wales is been conducted which shows the areas of action. Developed strong evidences against the impact of climate change in different sectors in Wales and develop tools and skills which would ultimately result in lessening the impact. Construction of houses and administrative buildings using sophisticated technologies so that there would be less usage of heating systems and electricity is very much relevant to my engineering discipline. Ex: Green buildings increase the energy efficiency by using modern technologies. The UK climate change Bill, UK Government's F-Gasesand Ozone Depleting Substances consultation papers, Carbon Reduction Commitment announced in the UK Energy White Paper 2007, European Union (EU) Emission Trading Scheme and the powers passed to Welsh ministers make the assembly government to offer their extended support to public authorities on climate change policies and their adaption and it also provides them with the authority to taking necessary action if a public body fails to do so. Our engineering disci