In Cold Blood - Death Penalty Essays - Penology, Torture

In Cold Blood - Death Penalty Capital Punishment has been part of the criminal justice system since the earliest of times. The Babylonian Hammurabi Code(ca. 1700 B.C.) decreed death for crimes as minor as the fraudulent sale of beer(Flanders 3). Egyptians could be put to death for disclosing the location of sacred burial sites(Flanders 3). However, in recent times opponents have shown the death penalty to be racist, barbaric, and in violation with the United States Constitution as "...cruel and unusual punishment." In this country,although laws governing the application of the death penalty have undergone many changes since biblical times, the punishment endures , and controversy has never been greater.

Free Essays on States Of Consciousness

States of Consciousness We all go through different states of consciousness every day of our lives. These states include being wide awake (162), being asleep (165), and for some of us, even altered states of consciousness (176). There are also many states of consciousness in-between each of these. Being â€Å"awake† is when we are at our full state of awareness. This is the part of consciousness that we spend most of our time in. This is considered the highest state of consciousness because it is the one that we compare all of our other states to. During awake-time though, we may enter other stages of consciousness, such as daydreaming (162), divided consciousness (162-3), or the unconscious mind (163). During all of these stages we are still awake, but our brain is working on a less â€Å"aware† level. Daydreaming (162) is when we think, feel, or imagine something that is not necessarily logical or likely to happen. I personally catch myself daydreaming a lot during school or work. I find that when I do not want to focus on the topic at hand, I tend to let my brain take me somewhere else in a daydream. Psychologists have proved that daydreams are probably a distorted reflection of our emotions and concerns. Divided consciousness (162-3) happens quite often during awake-time. You may not realize that your brain is two places at once. This happens to me quite often during my commute to and from school. I often forget most of the drive because I have been concentrating on other thoughts, such as pageants, Christmas gifts, or my dog. This is quite common, although somewhat alarming, because in my case, I was driving at around 50 mph and I don’t even remember it! The unconscious mind (163) is actually a concept that many professional psychologists dismissed in the past. Now, however, the unconscious mind is playing an important role in the study of consciousness and science. The unconscious mind is when a pe... Free Essays on States Of Consciousness Free Essays on States Of Consciousness States of Consciousness We all go through different states of consciousness every day of our lives. These states include being wide awake (162), being asleep (165), and for some of us, even altered states of consciousness (176). There are also many states of consciousness in-between each of these. Being â€Å"awake† is when we are at our full state of awareness. This is the part of consciousness that we spend most of our time in. This is considered the highest state of consciousness because it is the one that we compare all of our other states to. During awake-time though, we may enter other stages of consciousness, such as daydreaming (162), divided consciousness (162-3), or the unconscious mind (163). During all of these stages we are still awake, but our brain is working on a less â€Å"aware† level. Daydreaming (162) is when we think, feel, or imagine something that is not necessarily logical or likely to happen. I personally catch myself daydreaming a lot during school or work. I find that when I do not want to focus on the topic at hand, I tend to let my brain take me somewhere else in a daydream. Psychologists have proved that daydreams are probably a distorted reflection of our emotions and concerns. Divided consciousness (162-3) happens quite often during awake-time. You may not realize that your brain is two places at once. This happens to me quite often during my commute to and from school. I often forget most of the drive because I have been concentrating on other thoughts, such as pageants, Christmas gifts, or my dog. This is quite common, although somewhat alarming, because in my case, I was driving at around 50 mph and I don’t even remember it! The unconscious mind (163) is actually a concept that many professional psychologists dismissed in the past. Now, however, the unconscious mind is playing an important role in the study of consciousness and science. The unconscious mind is when a pe...

Scapegoat, Scapegoating, and Scapegoat Theory

Scapegoat, Scapegoating, and Scapegoat Theory Scapegoating refers to a process by which a person or group is unfairly blamed for something that they didnt do and, as a result, the real source of the problem is either never seen or purposefully ignored. Sociologists have documented that scapegoating often occurs between groups when a society is plagued by long-term economic problems or when resources are scarce. Scapegoat theory is used in sociology and psychology as one way to intercept conflict and prejudice between individuals and groups. Origins of the Term The term scapegoat has Biblical origins, coming from the Book of Leviticus. In the book, a goat was sent into the desert carrying the sins of the community. So, a scapegoat was originally understood as a person or animal that symbolically absorbed the sins of others and carried them away from those who committed them. Scapegoats and Scapegoating in Sociology Sociologists recognize four different ways in which scapegoating takes place and scapegoats are created. Scapegoating can be a one-on-one phenomenon, in which one person blames another for something he/she or someone else did. This form of scapegoating is common among children, who blame a sibling or a friend for something they did, to avoid the shame of disappointing their parents and the punishment that might follow a misdeed.Scapegoating also occurs in a one-on-group manner, when one person blames a group for a problem they did not cause: wars, deaths, financial losses of one kind or another, and other personal struggles. This form of scapegoating may sometimes be unfairly blamed on racial, ethnic, religious, class, or anti-immigrant biases.Sometimes scapegoating takes a group-on-one form, when a group of people singles out and blames one person for a problem. For example, when the members of a sports team blame a player who made a mistake for the loss of a match, though other aspects of play also affected the outcome. Or, when someone who alleges an assault is then scapegoated by me mbers of the community for causing trouble or ruining the life of the attacker. Finally, and of most interest to sociologists, is the form of scapegoating that is group-on-group. This occurs when one group blames another for problems that the groups collectively experience, which might be economic or political in nature- like blaming a particular party for the Great Depression (1929-1939) or the Great Recession (2007-2009). This form of scapegoating often manifests across lines of race, ethnicity, religion, or national origin. The Scapegoat Theory of Intergroup Conflict Scapegoating of one group by another has been used throughout history, and still today, as a way to incorrectly explain why certain social, economic, or political problems exist and harm the group doing the scapegoating. Some sociologists say that their research shows that groups that scapegoat occupy a low socio-economic status in society and have little access to wealth and power. They say these people are often experiencing prolonged economic insecurity or poverty, and come to adopt shared outlooks and beliefs that have been documented to lead to prejudice and violence. Sociologists who embrace socialism as a political and economic theory argue that those in a low socioeconomic status are naturally inclined to scapegoat due to the unequal distribution of resources within the society. These sociologists place blame on capitalism as an economic model and exploitation of workers by a wealthy minority. However, these are not the viewpoints of all sociologists. As with any science involving theories, study, research, and conclusions- its not an exact science, and therefore there will be a variety of viewpoints.

Propaganda Maps

Propaganda Maps All maps are designed with a purpose; whether to aid in navigation, accompany a news article, or display data. Some maps, however, are designed to be particularly persuasive. Like other forms of propaganda, cartographic propaganda attempts to mobilize viewers for a purpose. Geopolitical maps are the most explicit examples of cartographic propaganda, and throughout history have been utilized to garner support for various causes. Propaganda Maps in Global Conflicts This map from the film depicts the Axis powers plan to conquer the world. In maps such as the aforementioned propaganda map, authors express specific feelings on a topic, creating maps that are meant not just to describe information, but also to interpret it. These maps are often not made with the same scientific or design procedures as other maps; labels, precise outlines of bodies of land and water, legends, and other formal map elements may be disregarded in favor of a map that speaks for itself. As the above image shows, these maps favor graphic symbols that are embedded with meaning. Propaganda maps gained momentum under Nazism and Fascism, as well. There are many examples of Nazi propaganda maps that were intended to glorify Germany, justify territorial expansion, and decrease support for the U.S., France, and Britain (see examples of Nazi propaganda maps at the German Propaganda Archive). During the Cold War, maps were produced in order to magnify the threat of the Soviet Union and communism. A recurrent trait in propaganda maps is the ability to portray certain regions as big and menacing, and other regions as small and threatened. Many Cold War maps enhanced the size of the Soviet Union, which magnified the threat of communisms influence. This occurred in a map titled Communist Contagion, which was published in a 1946 edition of Time Magazine. By coloring the Soviet Union in bright red, the map further enhanced the message that communism was spreading like a disease. Mapmakers utilized misleading map projections to their advantage in the Cold War as well. The Mercator Projection, which distorts land areas, exaggerated the size of the Soviet Union. (This map projection website shows different projections and their effect on the portrayal of the USSR and its allies). Propaganda Maps Today choropleth map maps The maps on this site show how political maps can mislead today. One map shows the results of the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election, with blue or red indicating if a state voted majority for the Democratic candidate, Barack Obama, or the Republican candidate, John McCain. From this map there appears to be more red then blue, indicating that the popular vote went Republican. However, the Democrats decidedly won the popular vote and the election, because the population sizes of the blue states are much higher than those of the red states. To correct for this data issue, Mark Newman at the University of Michigan created a Cartogram; a map that scales the state size to its population size. While not preserving the actual size of each state, the map shows a more accurate blue-red ratio, and better portrays the 2008 election results. Propaganda maps have been prevalent in the 20th century in global conflicts when one side wants to mobilize support for its cause. It is not only in conflicts that political bodies utilize persuasive mapmaking however; there are many other situations in which it benefits a country to portray another country or region in a particular light. For example, it has benefited colonial powers to use maps to legitimize territorial conquest and social/economic imperialism. Maps are also powerful tools to garner nationalism in ones own country by graphically portraying a countrys values and ideals. Ultimately, these examples tell us that maps are not neutral images; they can be dynamic and persuasive, used for political gain. References: Boria, E. (2008). Geopolitical Maps: A Sketch History of a Neglected Trend in Cartography. Geopolitics, 13(2), 278-308. Monmonier, Mark. (1991). How to Lie with Maps. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Water Quality; Wastewater Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Water Quality; Wastewater Management - Essay Example The wastewater having very high amount of dissolved BOD or COD would require either biological treatment processes, like activated sludge treatment, trickling filters upflow anaerobic sludge treatment, or chemical treatment units like coagulation techniques, filtration with ion exchange etc. These methods would not be adequate for complete elimination of the dissolved impurities. For example in the case of municipal wastewater, the secondary treatment would results in the reduction of organic part of the total contaminants dissolved in it. On the other hand, the pollutants like nitrates and phosphates or bacterial/microbiological contamination would not be totally removed using these methods. Hence, advanced treatment operations are additionally required for the removal of the aforementioned impurities (Malzer, 2002). The treatment processes employed in such situations are classified as the tertiary treatment. The techniques are usually nitrification and denitrification units which a re also biological methods undertaken with the help of bacterial mass. On the other hand, phosphates too need specialized treatment units for its removal. Further, if the objective is to eliminate the bacterial contamination, disinfection systems need to be provided appropriately as the tertiary unit operation. Thus the methods used under the secondary and tertiary treatment units are of multiple types and each having different purpose. Thus in a typical treatment system where the secondary operations are dependent on the activated sludge plants, the operations consist of a series of inter linked units having a settling basin where the sludge is separated from the treated water, following by sludge thickening, sludge drying and sludge disposal. The treated water from the settling tank marks the end of secondary treatment operations the water would still

Windows Server Deployment Proposal Rubric Paper Research - 1

Windows Server Deployment Rubric Paper - Research Proposal Example It is imperative to understand that successful deployment often starts with good planning, and it is often never too early to begin planning changes in the IT environment. Therefore, throughout the infrastructure, Windows Server 2012 will be used, the enterprise edition on the other hand will be leveraged on all the other serves, this is because of its capability of having 4 virtual licenses per Operating system. In order to increase reliability as well as the security the Server Core will be on all the servers. All servers as well as operating systems will be installed using image files that will be retrieved from a master computer through the Windows Deployment services (WDS) (Tulloch, 2012). The installation of the operating systems from the Windows Deployment services will help dramatically increase the time taken for installation. All the server roles will be distributed in an equal way and it will help take advantage of fault tolerance, availability, security as well as allocation. The foundation of these placing workstations as well as servers, this will help in the deploying of operating system image files which could be completed in a day wit h one or two with system administrators. In the deployment of the Windows server, a hybrid DHCP infrastructure will be used with different relay agents. This will help save on the expenditure as well as the administrators time. Further, there will be also the maintenance of the main as well as backup DHCP at the office as well as several relay agents at the branch office. This will undoubtedly free traffic from the WAN link that exists between them. In order to further prevent the excessive network traffic at each site, there is a need to implement an automatic allocation of IP addresses. There often exists a solid network layout that often has large subnets which allows each department to grow exponentially (Stanek, 2012). The fault tolerance that will be used for the

Interior Design Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interior Design - Research Paper Example Each facility will require its own design. Interior design is based on function, purpose and aesthetics. Each design has its own affect on different facilities. Interior Design is the ability to enhance the function, safety, and aesthetics of interior spaces (U.S. Department of Labor 2009). Interior design can add function to an area that would normally be not functional. This can be achieved by adding key elements which allow the space to serve a purpose. A purpose of a space is dependent on the spaces surroundings. Each room has its own needs. Adding functionality to a room is important in Interior Design. Interior Design allows for the ability to transform a space. An empty room in a commercial setting can be transformed into a waiting area with proper use of seating. A living room can also become functional with proper use of seating. Functionality is one of the major reasons a client may decide to choose an Interior Designer. The Interior Designer may be able to offer the client with a space that allows for more functionality then before. An Interior Designer will base ideas based on purpose. Using the appropriate elements allows for purpose. Purpose in Interior Design can be explained as allowing a room to have a purpose and a use. A good interior designer can allow for a space to serve more than one purpose. Serving more than one purpose can make a space more appealing. ... This type of design becomes an eclectic area to show off certain pieces in a way that they all flow together. According to Allen with All About Interior Design2011, It takes an eclectic eye to be able to show off many pieces and make them work with one another. This is true with many different design techniques. Not just anyone can put pieces together and make them work. Interior Design is important for many aesthetic reasons. An area needs to be aesthetically pleasing to the individual in the environment. An appealing environment is important in a design sense. Interior Designers typically design for residential or commercial settings. Many residential settings will require a pleasing and welcoming environment. An interior designer can gather information about the clients likes and create a space that is aesthetically pleasing. Use of objects and colors that are naturally appealing will help the space appeal to more individuals. Neutral tones and fabrics can allow for the use of dif ferent types of elements. In a commercial setting it is important for an Interior Designer to keep the focus on what the purpose is for the commercial setting. Many Interior Designers will need to create spaces that are pleasing to the eye so that businesses keep customers returning. Pleasing aesthetics can be achieved by bringing earthly elements into the space and keeping with a theme. It is important to achieve an attractive interior environment (Basics of interior design 2011). An attractive interior environment can allow for better usage of the area. It is likely that a space that is attractive will likely be used more than other spaces. The effects of interior design can be great on different facilities. Each facility will